A 15W-anything oil should be fine to start a car down to -20C. The SAE J300 tests that determine whether it's a 15W-xx or not are run at -20C and -25C.
The more useful number besides the "50" is the High Temp, High Shear viscosity, which predicts bearing oil film thickness. Generally, bigger is better, but with an increase in "fluid" friction. Consequently you lose a few horsepower or a little fuel economy.
The higher viscosity won't "break down" less, it's just thicker to start with and still thicker when it warms up.
Ideally, a wide split would be best, such as a 10W-50 or 5W-40. Then you get the best of both. All this ignores the contribution of additives, which your engine relies on in the areas like valvetrain parts, rings, and anything that is not pressure fed and hydrodynamic.
I've used mineral oil diesel 15W-40 year round, the synthetic diesel 5W-40 would also be good, as would be Mobil's 0W-40.